Thrombocytopenia is a condition in which platelet-rich plasma or blood is not produced.
In the past, this was associated with hematologic conditions. However, recent reports have shown that platelets can also be affected by various gastrointestinal disorders and diseases.
Thrombocytopenia is caused by an absence of platelet production. Platelet-rich plasma, also known as plerocruzilum, is found in the bone marrow of the blood system. Platelets are the main component of the body’s immune system. When platelets are present in adequate amounts, they help in the production of blood clots.
Although there are many causes for platelet deficiencies, the most common is a loss of platelet count due to injury to the platelet-rich blood vessels in the bone marrow. Anemia is another major cause of platelet deficiency because the body does not produce enough platelets to replace the one that has been lost.
Other factors that affect platelet production include the use of medications that stimulate platelet activity and chemotherapy drugs used in the treatment of cancer. A decrease in the production of platelets and an increase in their number may be caused by the use of aspirin. In some cases, surgery or anesthesia can reduce platelet production. The decreased production of platelets is thought to play a role in the development of thrombocytopenia.
Platelet deficiency may also be caused by abnormalities in the platelets. Sometimes, anemia is caused by an increased rate of bone marrow damage that leads to less platelet production. Sometimes anemia is caused by the accumulation of waste products that are not absorbed into the body. In other cases, thrombocytopenia may be caused by tumors in the bone marrow. Prostate and breast cancer may also result in platelet deficiency if the immune system fails to fight off tumors.
Thrombocytopenia is treated by several medications. One of the first medications to be prescribed is fibrinolytic, a drug that breaks down the platelets. Another treatment is thrombectomy, in which the platelets are removed from the bone marrow. Antithrombic, another medication, is used to treat patients who are at risk for platelet deficiency because of anemia. It is sometimes used to reverse anemia and thrombocytopenia.
Patients with thrombocytopenia usually respond well to these treatments, but in rare cases the symptoms may recur over time.
Antithrombic medications can be continued until the platelets are returned to normal. Other medications that can be used include aspirin, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, (GM-CSF), monoclonal antibodies, and synthetic plaques. These medications can be used together or separately.
Thrombocytopenia is a condition that has many potential causes and effects on the body, but it usually is associated with a decrease in platelet production. It can cause anemia, and anemia together. These conditions can be very serious. If you are concerned about a possible thrombocytopenia problem, talk with your doctor.
If thrombocytopenia is present, blood loss may be normal. However, blood volume may be decreased due to platelet production and anemia, and there may be an increased risk of thrombosis. Blood clots in the legs or arteries can cause serious heart and lung problems.
Thrombocytopenia can be associated with higher risks for coronary artery disease, stroke, kidney failure, hypertension, and heart attack. Certain medications, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), aspirin, warfarin, and oral contraceptives have been linked with this condition. If a patient with thrombocytopenia is taking a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is important to stop the medication immediately.
The commonest causes of thrombocytopenia are liver disease, diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney disease. Anemia is another common cause. High blood pressure may also be an underlying condition. Patients with end-stage renal disease or kidney disease, and patients with a history of hematopoietic malignancy, may have a higher risk of developing this condition.
Many thrombocytopenia treatment options are available. Patients with thrombocytopenia need to monitor their symptoms closely. Treatment can vary based on the severity of the condition, and the cause. If blood loss is normal, the doctor may prescribe drugs to increase platelet production, such as Fibrinolytics or Fibrinolytic Cholesterol Sulfate (FCS). If blood loss is extreme or if there is bleeding, hospitalization may be recommended.